Passwords stored in the SAM database are stored in either LAN Manager (LM) hash or NT LAN Manager (NTLM) format depending on the policies implemented and enforced for password storage.ĭuring normal operation of a Windows system, the SAM database cannot be copied due to restrictions enforced by the operating system kernel. Storage of user and account information in the SAM database provides system users the ability to authenticate to the local system if an account has been created for them. The Security Accounts Manager (SAM) is a vital component of how Windows stores passwords locally on the computer system. As part of these policies, administrators can enforce lockout thresholds, durations, reset policies, and many other options to help strengthen password implementations. Additionally, password storage systems also allow administrators to define rules and apply policies to ensure passwords are complex to protect systems against unauthorized access. Refer to Chapter 2, Active Directory – Escalation of Privilege, for more information about the attacks against Active Directory. The primary goal of Windows password storage is to provide a secure method of storing passwords on the operating system or within Active Directory and offer a mechanism to authenticate users and services. Windows operating systems offer several different methods of storing password information. Alpern, in Seven Deadliest Microsoft Attacks, 2010 Windows Passwords Overview
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